Prostate Cancer

When Should I Be Screened for Prostate Cancer?

The decision about when to begin prostate cancer screening should be made in consultation with your doctor, taking into account your medical history, overall health, and personal risk factors.

Men who have a higher risk of prostate cancer may begin screening between the ages of 40 and 45. For men with an average risk, screening is often recommended starting around age 50. Your doctor can help determine the appropriate timing and frequency of screening based on your individual health profile.

What’s Included in a Prostate Cancer Screening?

Prostate cancer screening typically includes two main tests: a digital rectal exam and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. During a digital rectal exam, your doctor gently examines the prostate through the rectum to check for lumps, irregularities, or other signs of concern.

The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in your blood. While elevated PSA levels can be associated with prostate cancer, they may also be caused by noncancerous conditions such as an enlarged prostate or inflammation. Your doctor will evaluate the results of these tests along with your symptoms and medical history to determine whether additional testing is needed.

What Symptoms Develop Due to Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is often detected early through routine screenings, before any symptoms appear. When symptoms do develop, they may include:

• Frequent urination, especially at night

• Difficulty starting urination

• Weak urine flow

• Pain or burning during urination

• Blood in the urine

• Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection

• Painful ejaculation

• Blood in the semen

• Reduced volume of semen during ejaculation

• Pain in the lower back or hips

• Swelling or discomfort in the legs

The type and severity of symptoms can depend on the size and location of the tumor. While many of these symptoms may also be caused by other conditions, experiencing multiple symptoms—such as urinary difficulties combined with swelling in the lower body—may indicate a more serious underlying issue and should be evaluated by a doctor.

How is Prostate Cancer Treated?

Because prostate cancer often grows slowly, immediate treatment may not always be necessary. In some cases, your doctor may recommend active surveillance, which involves closely monitoring the cancer with regular PSA tests, exams, and imaging to watch for signs that the tumor is becoming more aggressive.

If treatment becomes necessary, your care team will discuss the most appropriate options based on the stage of the cancer and your overall health. Treatment may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, oral targeted therapies, or other advanced approaches designed to control or eliminate cancer.

Modern prostate cancer treatments are increasingly precise, targeting cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Your medical team will work with you to create a treatment plan tailored to your specific condition and goals.

If you have concerns about prostate cancer or questions about screening and treatment, schedule an appointment to discuss your options and receive expert care.