Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a surgical procedure used to treat urinary symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). During the procedure, a specialized instrument called a resectoscope is inserted through the urethra—the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The resectoscope allows the surgeon to view the prostate and remove excess tissue that is blocking urine flow.

TURP is often recommended for men who have moderate to severe urinary symptoms that have not improved with medication or other treatments. By removing the portion of the prostate that is pressing on the urethra, the procedure can help restore normal urine flow and relieve bothersome symptoms.

What Is BPH?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that commonly occurs as men age. As the prostate grows larger, it can press against the urethra and interfere with the normal flow of urine. This pressure may lead to urinary symptoms and, in some cases, complications affecting the bladder or kidneys.

Symptoms of BPH may include difficulty starting urination, weak urine stream, frequent urination, or the feeling that the bladder is not fully empty after urinating.

Why TURP Is Performed

TURP is performed to relieve urinary symptoms caused by BPH and to prevent complications related to blocked urine flow. Symptoms that may improve after the procedure include:

• Difficulty starting urination

• Frequent need to urinate

• Urgent need to urinate

• Weak or slow urine stream

• Feeling that the bladder does not fully empty

• Stopping and starting during urination

• Increased urination at night

In addition to relieving symptoms, the procedure may also help prevent complications associated with long-term urinary obstruction, such as:

• Blood in the urine

• Bladder stones

• Recurrent urinary tract infections

• Kidney damage

• Bladder damage

• Inability to urinate

• Loss of bladder control

Possible Risks of TURP

As with any surgical procedure, TURP carries some potential risks. Most men recover without major complications, but possible risks may include:

• Temporary difficulty urinating after the procedure

• Urinary tract infection

• Bleeding

• Erectile dysfunction (rare)

• Loss of bladder control (rare)

• TURP syndrome, a rare condition caused by absorption of too much surgical fluid during the procedure

In some cases, symptoms may return over time, and additional treatment may be needed.

Preparing for TURP

Before surgery, your healthcare provider may recommend stopping certain medications, particularly blood thinners. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to help prevent infection.

Because TURP is typically performed under general or spinal anesthesia, patients should arrange for someone to drive them home after the procedure. Recovery recommendations may include avoiding strenuous activity for several weeks while healing takes place.

What to Expect During the Procedure

The TURP procedure usually takes about 60 to 90 minutes. During the surgery, the resectoscope is passed through the urethra to reach the prostate. No external incisions are required.

Using the instrument, the surgeon removes small pieces of prostate tissue that are blocking the urethra. These pieces are flushed into the bladder with fluid and then removed from the body.

After the procedure, a catheter is usually placed in the bladder to allow urine to drain while swelling decreases. The catheter is typically removed within a couple of days.

Recovery After TURP

Many patients stay in the hospital for one to two days after the procedure. Some blood in the urine and mild urinary irritation may occur during the early stages of recovery. These symptoms typically improve over time.

During recovery, patients are often advised to:

• Drink plenty of water to flush the bladder

• Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities

• Eat a high-fiber diet to prevent straining during bowel movements

• Avoid driving until the catheter has been removed

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience fever, severe pain, difficulty urinating, or heavy bleeding.

Results of TURP

TURP is considered one of the most effective treatments for relieving urinary symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate. Many men notice improved urine flow within days of the procedure, with continued improvement during recovery.

While TURP provides long-term relief for many patients, the best treatment option depends on individual health factors and symptom severity. A consultation with a healthcare provider can help determine whether TURP or another treatment is the most appropriate choice.