Testicular/Scrotal Pain

Testicular or scrotal pain can sometimes signal a serious condition, such as testicular torsion, and should always be evaluated promptly. Because the causes can vary, an accurate diagnosis is important to ensure proper treatment.

The team at Augusta Urology Associates has extensive experience diagnosing and treating conditions that cause testicular and scrotal pain. Through careful evaluation and appropriate medical or surgical care when needed, they work to identify the underlying cause and provide effective treatment as quickly as possible.

Questions and Answers

What is Testicular/Scrotal Pain?

Testicular or scrotal pain refers to any discomfort that occurs in the testicles, which are located inside the scrotum. In many cases, the terms testicular pain and scrotal pain are used interchangeably since the testicles are housed within the scrotal sac. This type of pain can range from mild discomfort to sudden, severe pain and may be accompanied by other symptoms.

Men experiencing testicular or scrotal pain may also notice:

  • An unusually warm scrotum

  • Redness or irritation of the scrotal skin

  • Blood in the urine (hematuria)

  • Penile discharge

Testicular pain and these related symptoms can sometimes signal a serious condition, such as testicular torsion, infection, or inflammation. Because some of these conditions require prompt treatment, it is important to seek medical evaluation as soon as possible if these symptoms occur.

What Causes Testicular Pain?

There are many possible causes of testicular or scrotal pain. Some conditions involve inflammation or infection, while others are related to structural changes or blockages in the reproductive or urinary system. Common causes include:

  • Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, the tube located behind the testicle that stores and carries sperm

  • Inguinal hernia: When part of the intestine pushes through a weak area in the abdominal wall and into the groin

  • Testicular torsion: A medical emergency in which the testicle twists and cuts off its blood supply

  • Orchitis: Inflammation affecting one or both testicles

  • Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland

  • Severe urinary tract infections (UTIs)

  • Kidney stones: Pain may radiate from the kidney down toward the groin or testicle

  • Hydrocele: A buildup of fluid around the testicle within the scrotum

  • Spermatocele: A fluid-filled cyst that develops near the testicle

  • Varicocele: Enlarged veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins

  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis

In some cases, testicular pain can also result from external injury. Blunt trauma to the scrotum—such as from a sports injury, fall, or accident—may cause bruising, swelling, and significant discomfort. In rare situations, severe trauma can lead to testicular rupture, which occurs when the protective tissue surrounding the testicle (the tunica albuginea) tears and requires immediate medical attention.

How Do You Diagnose Testicular/Scrotal Pain?

Diagnosis of testicular or scrotal pain typically begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination. During the evaluation, your specialist will ask about your symptoms, when the pain began, and whether you have experienced any recent injuries, infections, or other related health issues.

Laboratory tests are often used to help identify the underlying cause. A urinalysis and blood tests may be performed to check for signs of infection or other abnormalities. If penile discharge is present, which may indicate a sexually transmitted infection, a urethral swab may be recommended for further testing.

In some cases, imaging studies are used to provide a clearer view of the testicles and surrounding structures. These may include an ultrasound, CT scan, X-ray of the urinary tract, or radionuclide imaging to help identify conditions such as torsion, infection, or structural abnormalities.

How Do You Treat Testicular Pain?

Treatment for testicular or scrotal pain depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, treatment may involve medications such as antibiotics to address infections. In other situations, additional care—such as procedures or surgery—may be necessary to repair or correct conditions affecting the testicles or surrounding structures.

Many causes of testicular pain can be successfully treated, especially when evaluated early. Prompt medical attention helps ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to protect long-term health. If you are experiencing persistent or severe testicular pain, a medical evaluation can help determine the cause and the most effective treatment options.